====== Printing from command line ======

For a description of the printers available to Linux machines refer to
[[printing]]

On the Linux system the printing is handled by a central print-spooler. The spooler queues, format (if necessary) and send the file to the printer. The spooler is in our case called cups.matfys.lth.se .
In the normal case the file you want to print should be a postscript-file. All our printers understand postscript and PDF. One typical format is "text", but even a lot of other formats is possible. The spooler takes care of the file, and try to do its best to convert it to postscript before it is sent to the printer. However, in most cases, might be required that you convert the files to postscript yourself.

===== Print a document =====

To print a document "file.ps" to the default printer, use

<code:bash>lpr file.ps</code>

To print to another printer (copy_n in this example) use

<code:bash>lpr -P copy_n file.ps</code>

===== See what is in the print queue =====

<code:bash>
  lpq
  lpq -P copy_t
</code>

===== Remove all your printouts from the queue =====
<code:bash>
  lprm -
  lprm - -P printer
</code>

===== Duplex/simplex =====

Printers that are able to print duplex, do that by default, and are flipping the page along the long edge.
To print in simplex (only on one side of the paper)

<code:bash>  lpr -o sides=one-sided file.ps</code> 

To print on both sides and flip along the short edge

<code:bash>
  lpr -o sides=two-sided-short-edge file.ps
</code>
To print on both sides and flip along the long edge (default)

<code:bash>lpr -o sides=two-sided-long-edge file.ps</code>

===== Print only selected pages =====

<code:bash>
  lpr -o page-ranges=4 file.ps
  lpr -o page-ranges=1-8 file.ps
  lpr -o page-ranges=1,3,6 file.ps
</code>

===== Pretty printing =====

This option is **only useful when printing text files**.

Specifies that the file should be formatted with a shaded header with the date, time, job name, and page number.

<code:bash>
  lpr -p file.ps
</code>

or

<code:bash>lpr -o prettyprint file.ps</code>

===== Print more pages on each sheet =====
To print two pages on each side of the paper

<code:bash>lpr -o number-up=2 file.ps</code>

And to get in even more on the paper

<code:bash>lpr -o number-up=4 file.ps</code>

You can also use 8 and 16. But can you read it?

===== Rotate =====

To rotate the page 90 degrees and print it in landscape orientation

<code:bash>lpr -o landscape file.ps</code>

In most cases it is better to create the file in landscape orientation.

===== Mirroring =====

<code:bash>lpr -o mirror file.ps</code>

Might be useful if you want to print something that Leonardo D. has written.

===== Combining options =====

You can combine the options, like in the following example

<code:bash>lpr -P newprinter -o prettyprint -o number-up=2 file.ps</code>

===== Other useful utilities =====

''ps2ps'' can do a lot of tricks on a postscript-file. It is used in the background of the printing system to handle many of the options above, but can be used directly on a file. ''ps2ps'' can sometimes be used to "clean up" ps or eps files originating from other systems.

''gv'' or ''ghostview'', is the number one program to check a ps-file before printing it. It can save many trees -- but nowadays you're used to this.

====== References ======

  * The CUPS printing system http://cups.org/